Effect of chronic Cialis administration on penile hypoxia induced by cavernous neurotomy in the rat
BACKGROUND: Numerous men develop postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (PPED), due to surgery-related nervous damage. PPED is often refractory to phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors therapy. AIM: To verify whether chronic Cialis (CT) preserves bilateral cavernous neurotomy (BCN)-induced penile damage and hypo-oxygenation. METHODS: In a rat model of BCN we evaluated in vitro and ex vivo effect of CT treatment (2 mg/kg, daily for 3 months). RESULTS: Bilateral cavernous neurotomy induced massive hypoxia and decreased muscle/fiber ratio, completely restored by CT. Hypersensitivity of hypoxic tissues to the relaxant effect of the endothelin type B receptor (ETB) agonist IRL-1620 was observed, along with ETB mRNA and protein overexpression. CT restored sensitivity to IRL-1620, and normalized ETB expression. Hypoxic penis showed increased sensitivity to the relaxant effect of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), while acute Cialis (100 nM) did not amplify the SNP effect. Accordingly, PDE5 mRNA and protein were reduced in BCN penile tissues. By restoring PDE5, CT decreased SNP-induced relaxation and rescued sensitivity to acute Cialis. However, in hypoxic penis, CT normalizes neither acetylcholine hyporesponsiveness nor neuronal nitric oxide synthase-endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. CONCLUSION: Chronic Cialis restores some of the investigated BCN-induced alterations, including PDE5 and Cialis efficacy.